### 1. Corrosion Resistance of Titanium
Titanium exhibits outstanding corrosion resistance when exposed to the atmosphere, seawater, oxidizing atmospheres, and various solutions. Moreover, it shows good bio-compatibility and is completely non - toxic. To date, there have been no reported cases of individuals being allergic to titanium.
Similar to all metals, when titanium is in direct contact with different metals in a dielectric environment, an electric couple is formed. In such cases, titanium usually corrodes at a faster rate compared to other metals. Therefore, this phenomenon should be taken into account during the design process and avoided if possible.
### 2. Design
When designing components made of titanium, it is not advisable to simply substitute titanium for steel or other metal materials in the existing designs. Instead, a more economical design should be developed based on the unique characteristics of titanium. These characteristics include high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and a lower elastic modulus compared to steel.
### 3. General Processing
#### Melting
The melting process of titanium must be carried out under vacuum conditions or with the protection of an inert gas. Additionally, contact with the vast majority of refractory materials should be avoided to prevent contamination and ensure the quality of the titanium.
#### Heat Treatment
Titanium can be heat - treated in air. However, for small - sized specifications or when the finished product requires a bright surface, heat treatment should be conducted in a vacuum or under the protection of an inert gas. Vacuum heat treatment should be carried out at a pressure of 10 - 4 Torr or higher, which typically reduces the oxygen content of titanium by an order of magnitude. It is strictly prohibited to perform heat treatment under hydrogen protection.
#### Hot Processing
Hot processing of titanium can be carried out in air without the need for vacuum or gas protection.
#### Cold Deformation Processing
Industrial pure titanium and certain titanium alloys can undergo cold deformation processing. The cold processing rate typically ranges from 20% to 65%.
#### Mechanical Processing
Titanium is relatively easy to machine and has properties similar to stainless steel. However, its tendency to gall and lower thermal conductivity should be taken into consideration. It is recommended to use hard - alloy cutting tools (such as G8). During machining, a slow feed rate, small feed amount, and large cutting depth are advisable. Adequate space for chip removal should be provided, and a large amount of lubricant should be used. When storing fine chips of titanium, fire prevention measures must be strictly observed.
### 4. Welding
Various welding methods, including contact point welding, roll welding, argon arc welding, plasma welding, electron beam welding, laser welding, and needle welding, are all applicable to titanium and its alloys. In contrast, general arc welding and acetylene welding are strictly prohibited.
The welding seams of titanium components must have a reliable inert gas protection system to prevent oxidation and ensure the quality of the welds.
Industrial pure titanium and ordinary medium - strength titanium alloys possess good weld ability, while high - strength titanium alloys have relatively poor weld ability.
Titanium cannot be directly welded with most other metals. However, it can be welded with zirconium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, vanadium, etc. For welding with other metals, special methods need to be employed.
### 5. Cost
Although the price per kilogram of titanium is higher than that of many other metals (comparable to nickel - based alloys), several factors can significantly reduce the effective cost:
- Titanium has a density of only about half that of steel, copper, and nickel - based alloys. Moreover, its specific strength is mostly higher than these alloys. As a result, using titanium can potentially save up to half of the material cost.
- Titanium equipment generally does not require a corrosion allowance, which further reduces the overall cost.
- The excellent corrosion resistance of titanium enables its components to have a long service life. This leads to a significant reduction in production and maintenance costs over time, thereby exponentially lowering the effective cost.
- Titanium, when used in handicrafts and daily necessities, can greatly enhance their quality. The added value of products made from titanium is considerable, which also contributes to the overall cost - effectiveness of using titanium.
If you need any help relate to Titanium please contact
Yang Chen(Stac)
Email: stac@bjaoke.com
